CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

The internet has changed the face of the world make receiving and sending of information spread widely and easily, this can be done at the tips of people's hand and without wasting any time. Compared to when internet has not evolved, before information could be received on another end, it takes time depending on the distance of the journey.

According to (Adesanya, 2002). The internet is a global collection of many types of computers and computer networks that are linked together. It is increasingly becoming the solution to many information problems, Information exchange and marketing.

According to (Awuzie, 2013). Clearance is the process of determining and negotiating any permission that are needed to include the use of someone else's intellectual property in creative project. Clearance systems for graduating students are vital incessant procedures and process in every university, polytechnics, monotechnic and colleges of education that is inevitable. The clearance must be carried out so as to check if the student is eligible for graduation and NYSC for university students. It is the institutions practice to carry out these processes at the completion of the last exam in school, where the student did not have any carryover left. Online clearance system is a web base system which makes use of the internet. Petroleum Training Institute current method of clearance is not internet base which increases the stress to school and also students. The form given to student must be signed by the following; Head of department, Head of student’s affairs, Institute Liberian, Sport official and Student union government president.
Thus, the need of a web-based clearance system for graduating student is inevitable to save cost of transportation from one location to another.

1.1BACKGROUND OF STUDY

From the inception of Petroleum training institute in the year 1972, clearance has always been carried out manually, which often is time consuming, stressful and costly.

And the students are checked from university property weather they have returned or not through clearance system when they leave campus. This system was manual and has been used continuously for long time without improvement up to today. This mean Petroleum training institute is still using manual clearance system for all students even it is the oldest campus. As we have seen this existing system it was stressful and boring, delay in giving response for all users, low performance, unsecured and loosing of users' data when they're returning or borrowing materials etc. are some of the failures of the manual system. By being initiated with all these unsuitable activities stated, we are developing web-based clearance system for students this could address the common problems may appear in the manual Petroleum training institute Student Clearance System. Not only solve the problems mentioned above our system also overviews on minimizing cost.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In Petroleum Training Institute Effurun, clearing of graduating students has always been manual process. Efforts has been made to replace the existing manual process. It is evident that the registration is incapable to totally replace the manual process of online clearance system for graduating student.
It is obvious that we are now in a technology era where science and technology applied to almost every aspect of life to make work faster, easier and efficient. As an institute of petroleum and technology it is our duty to lead the way into science and technology for other institutions and organization to emulate by Implementing an automated systems that will replace all manual process within our university system.

The processes of clearing students after their graduation requires that the students be cleared in various departments and information units. Among which are:
i.Library fines and overdue or lost library materials from institute.
ii.Departmental dues
iii.Clinic charges
iv.Residence hall damage charges
v.Student union fee
vi.Bursary and other charges
For a graduating student to carry out his/her clearance from all departments, it normally takes a lot of time and a lot of processes and delays in clearing the student for collection of statement of result as well as industrial training. Hence it became imperative for an online clearance system to eliminate the shortcomings of the manual. The manual process of clearing student has a lot of limitation which include;
The integrity of Information is not fully guaranteed, as there is high risk of information getting to unauthorized or wrong hands that may manipulate the information illegally making the information inaccurate.
In the absence of personnel in charge of any of the clearance form processes, the entire clearance registration process is delayed until such personnel are available.
Too much time is wasted before a student successfully completes his/her clearance registration form.
The manual process is only capable of attending to a limited number of students per day, hence students who are not attended to will have to come back next day until they successfully complete their clearance.

1.3 AIMS OF THE STUDY
The aim of the study is to develop an online clearance system that will effectively and efficiently process student’s final clearance.

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