CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Flooding is a recurrent environmental hazard that poses significant challenges to communities worldwide, particularly in regions with inadequate infrastructure and poor urban planning. In Nigeria, flooding has become a prominent issue, with states like Delta experiencing frequent inundations due to a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. Delta State, characterized by its low-lying topography and proximity to the Niger River, is highly susceptible to flooding, especially during the rainy season (Adeniyi et al., 2022).
The Petroleum Training Institute (PTI) in Effurun, Delta State, is one of the many institutions affected by these flooding events. PTI, established to provide specialized training in oil and gas technology, has faced challenges in maintaining its infrastructure and ensuring uninterrupted academic activities due to frequent flooding. The campus is situated in a flood-prone area, which exacerbates the problem. The inadequate drainage systems, coupled with poor waste management practices, have further aggravated the situation, leading to regular disruptions and damage to property (Okoye & Nwakpa, 2023).
The increasing frequency and severity of floods have raised concerns. Previous studies have highlighted the need for effective flood management strategies to mitigate the impact of these events on educational institutions (Onyema & Adejumo, 2021). This study aims to investigate the specific causes and effects of flooding within the PTI campus, with the goal of developing sustainable solutions to this persistent problem.
1.2 Statement of Problem
Flooding at the Petroleum Training Institute, Effurun, poses a significant threat to the institution's infrastructure and academic activities. The frequent inundation of the campus disrupts the smooth running of educational programs and puts the lives and properties of students and staff at risk. Despite various efforts to address the issue, flooding remains a persistent problem, leading to the degradation of infrastructure and increased maintenance costs. The problem is compounded by inadequate drainage systems, poor waste management, and encroachment on natural waterways. This study aims to identify the root causes of flooding within the PTI campus and propose sustainable solutions to mitigate its impact.
1.3 Aim of the Study
The aim of this study is to investigate the causes and effects of flooding in Delta State, and to propose effective measures for its mitigation.
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